Title Author Date

Natural Selection Lieb, M.D., Julian Jul 27, 2006

NATURAL SELECTION: A PROPERTY OF PROSTAGLANDINS
Julian Lieb, M.D
julianlieb@aol.com

In 1930 obstetrician Raphael Kurzrok noted that out of dozens of attempts at artificial insemination, only two were probably successful. In a number of cases he observed that when 0.5 ml of semen was injected into the uterine cavity, the semen was promptly expelled. A similar quantity of Ringer's solution similarly injected was invariably retained. The patient always had the same reaction, apparently independent of the phase of the menstrual cycle.1

Kurzrok and colleague Charles Lieb suspended strips of uterine muscle in 100 ml of warm, oxygenated Ringer’s solution, to which they added 1 ml of warm semen. They write: "The same uterus may react to one semen by contracting; to another by relaxation. The same semen may contract one uterus and relax another. From this we may draw the tentative conclusions that certain types of sterility are sometimes due to the female, sometimes to the male. A study of the history of the patients from whom the uterine strips were obtained throws an interesting light on our experiments. The uteri from the patients who give a history of successful pregnancy responded to fresh semen by relaxation, while uteri from women who gave a history of complete or long-standing sterility were always stimulated by semen."1 One may conclude that there are molecules in semen and their uterine receptors that differentiate between fertility and infertility.

These molecules are now known to be prostaglandins.2 Reproduction and survival are the cornerstones of natural selection, and prostaglandins are ubiquitous in both.3,4 As immunoregulators,4 prostaglandins have an essential role in survival by preserving health or, paradoxically, inducing defective immunity,4 autoimmunity,5 and cancer.6 Kurzrok and Lieb's experiment suggests that natural selection is a paradoxical property of prostaglandins.7,8

References

1. Kurzrok R., Lieb C. Biochemical studies of human semen. II Action of semen on the human uterus. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med (1930) 28:268-272
2. Oates J. The 1982 Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine. Science 218: 756-768
3. Craig, G.M. Prostaglandins in reproductive physiology. Postgrad Med J (1975) 51: 74-78
4. Fulton A., Levy J. The possible role of prostaglandins in mediating immune suppression by nonspecific T suppressor cells. Cell Immunol (1980) 52:29-37
5. Baliff B., Mincek N., Barratt J., et al. Interaction of cyclooxygenases with apoptosis-and autoimmunity-associated protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA (1996) 93: 5544-5549
6. Murata H., Kawano S., Tsuji S., et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 over expression enhances lymphatic invasion and metastasis in human gastric carcinoma. Am J Gastroenterol (1999) 94(2): 451-455
7. Lieb, J. Eicosanoids: the molecules of evolution. Med Hypoth (2001) 56(6), 686-693
8 . Lieb, J. An experiment on infertility illuminates prostaglandins in natural selection. Med Hypoth (2004) 63, 370

Title Author Date

Natural Selection Lieb, M.D., Julian Aug 02, 2006

Thank you for giving me the opportunity to disseminate my work. An earlier article reads:Lieb,J."Eicosanoids:the molecules of evolution." Med Hypoth(2001)56(6)686-693.

Virtually every element of science and society in general have much to gain by adopting the paradigm shift, and I welcome your help in disseminating it.

Thank you again.

Sincerely,
Julian Lieb,M.D